Marketing strategies in achieving competitive advantage - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1739 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Strategy that is a term used by armies for defining their stance against enemies is now common in corporate world. In past we saw various firms competing against each other. They took defensive stances or they took aggressive stances against each other and tried to knock out their rivals. Sometimes they forgot the ethical limits in this rivalry. Example of Coke and Pepsi is there in history. They used each and every tactics that they could do to unravel each other until and unless they decided their market shares through this hustle. This forms the background of my research. General description of the project topic Keeping in view the importance of strategies in corporate environment research topic will focus on the historical success of companies in their selected strategy and their failure due to wrong strategies. This Research report will analyze various grand strategies and generic strategies adopted by communication companies of Europe. In order to limit the scope of the work two major competitors are selected namely O2 that belong to UK and Orange that has a French origin. Both these companies compete in various markets internationally. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Marketing strategies in achieving competitive advantage" essay for you Create order Rationale for the project The project is based on the rationale of learning through the experiences of the others. It will bring out the strategic options opted by existing companies and will make clear guideline for the new entrants in the market. In this growing sector of economy, there is a great room for new entrants but few market leaders are holding such a huge share of market that it seems difficult for new entrants to get through competition. Aims Objectives Clearly defined aim Aim of this dissertation report is to look critically at the competing strategies of O2 and Orange for identifying appropriate competitive strategies for both companies in present situation and suggest competitive strategies for new companies entering the industry. Appropriate objectives Objectives of this report will be as follows: To investigate competitive marketing strategies adopted by each company throughout its history Identify relevance and appropriateness of current strategies of both companies Suggest future strategies Suggest new companies better strategies for entering in communication industry Literature Review Competitive strategy is a three decades old concept however it remained a question to assess its adequacy as a descriptive system and analyse its propositions in relation to performance as a result of different strategic designs (CAMPBELL-HUNT, 2000). It is thought that this is mainly due to no work yet for accumulating and comparing the research work on this field (CAMPBELL-HUNT, 2000). Cost and differentiation designs are the two high level discriminators of competitive strategy designs proposed yet. However many important propositions of these designs need further research. It is proposed that competitive research should recover something where it has been silent till now (CAMPBELL-HUNT, 2000). Other findings show that both cost and differentiation influence responsive market orientation and perspective market orientation. These orientations then determine organizational performance. It is observed that differentiation strategy has stronger relation with responsive market orient ation and perspective market orientation as compared to cost strategy. Moreover it is discovered that perspective market orientation has greater influence on performance that responsive market orientation (Voola OCass, 2010). Another study found that competitive priority mode proved valid. It further identified that four constructs better explain the variance in corporate competitive strategies. It is observed that high performing companies strongly emphasize on quality and delivery services for better performance and differentiation than on low cost strategy. While low performing companies place almost equal influence on all the competitive capabilities. Lack of ability to identify the at which strategy a firm must emphasize more may be a reason for low business performance (Chi, 2010). Importance of strategic alignment with objectives along with its interaction with general environment, in the form of various environmental factors, is the question of the day. For example adopt ion of advanced technology in a market before competition starts can avail opportunity for a firm to differentiate its offering (Qawasmeh Bataineh, 2010). Orange in Jordan applied this strategy successfully. Project Strategy Approach and strategy to be adopted The project is a basic research that is exploration of secondary research data for investigating strategies adopted by two major competitors in Telecom industry in Europe. Some deductive approach will be applied for driving strategic solution for the new entrants in market. Types of information required For the purpose of this research, literature and research data on competitive strategies will be required. Another type of information will come from the historic and current data for Orange and O2. This will provide information about Strategies of Orange and O2 companies. Secondly, general data for other industry players will also be helpful. Literature on strategy will also be helpful in this regard. It will also form a considerable part of the final report. In short, we can say that we will need theoretical data for competitive strategy from literature on strategy and practical data on strategy from Orange and O2. Secondary data identified Primary data sources will include Orange and O2 executives and managers. Secondary data for report will be gathered through published sources of information in the form of various reports most importantly annual reports, articles, books and magazines. Major sources of articles will include databases like Emerald, newspapers and magazines etc. few journals are listed below for identification of data. New industrial service pricing strategies and their antecedents: empirical evidence from two industrial sectors by Kostis Indounas and George Avlonitis Strategic capabilities, competitive strategy, and performance among retailers in Argentina, Peru and the United States by John A. Parnell Organizational learning as an antecedent of technology transfer and new product development by Juhaini Jabar, Claudine Soosay and Ricardo Santa Knowledge Transfer Barriers Between Research and Development and Marketing Groups Within Taiwanese Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprise High-Technolo gy New Product Development Teams by Chung-Ming Huang, Han-Chao Chang and Steven Henderson Annual report of Orange Annual report of O2 Research Type As my work is related to research on strategy and management, so I can say that epistemologically my work is phenomenological. As phenomenology can be described as In phenomenology here the principle is that only phenomena and hence knowledge confirmed by the senses can be genuinely be knowledge (Nightingale, 1989). My research will take data from peoples whether directly or indirectly but there is no direct involvement of me for observing and experimenting so it can be regarded as phenomenological work. Ontologically my work is based on realist approach. It comes at mid-way between positivist and interpretivist approach. It admits that Real structures exist independent of human consciousness, but that knowledge is socially created (Flowers, 2009). My research work is neither focused on the interviews and relative understandings of people for the issues nor is it based on testing of hypotheses. So it can neither be regarded as interpretivist nor can it be positivist. It is related to determining solution of problems that can be done only through a mix of both approaches. Thus it can be regarded as realist approach. Strategy I will apply case study approach to my research. As defined by Dul and Hak A case study is a study in which (a) one case (single case study) or a small number of cases (comparative case study) in their real life context are selected, and (b) scores obtained from these cases are analyzed in a qualitative manner (Dul Hak, 2008). This approach will be most suitable as my work is related to the companies who compete in a market. There will be number of case studies related to the successful and unsuccessful organizations who implemented various strategies. Further the outcomes of case studies analysis will be interlinked and some fruitful results will be inferred from these case studies. As my work is a constructive type of research so it is inductive and aimed at deriving some solutions to problems of entry in market for new entrants (Jeffrey A. Gliner, 2000). Data Collection As most of the work is based on case studies so the data collection will be through secondary research. As my topic is very specific so it will be difficult to trace the executives and managers of those companies who had failed and discontinued operation or have disappeared from the markets. Further it is not yet clear that which companies will like to share their success and failure through interviews or questionnaires. So at this time it will not be possible to set off for primary data collection. But this option is not closed. Where it will be suitable and feasible I will prefer to collect primary data through interviews and open end questionnaires. The second reason for focusing on secondary data is the availability of data. As strategy study is emerging issue of current environment so there is already a plenty of data available through books, journals and articles. Research Ethics Research ethics will be taken into account. As most of the work is from previously published work so data will be easily available. Further all companies selected will be publically traded companies so further data will be easily available. Time Scale and Resources The whole of the work will be conducted as described below: Selection of data for research and prioritizing data collection method (primary or secondary) for each company will be completed in one month. Data collection through secondary research will be completed in next one month. Questionnaire or interview design for any possible and feasible primary data collection will be completed in next fifteen days. Primary data collection will be completed in next fifty days. Data analysis and short listing of case studies for dissertation will be completed in next one month. Dissertation out lay preparation will be completed in next fifteen days. Writing of dissertation will be completed in next one month. Dissertation will be proof read and finalized for presentation in next fifteen days. Gantt Chart for Research Report No. Project 2010 2011 Jan 1/2 Feb 1/2 Feb 1/2 Mar 1/2 Mar 1/2 Apr 1/2 Apr 1 Phase 1        2 Phase 2       3 Phase 3        4 Phase 4        5 Phase 5        6 Phase 6        7 Phase 7        8 Phase 8        The whole research and dissertation will be completed in a period of four months from the date of approval of this proposal. Fifteen days are kept spare for any contingency in deadlines. Thus total work will take a maximum of eight months. Resources will be adequate for preparation of this dissertation as most of the data is to be collected from secondary research. Primary research that can be more costly is limited and subject to selection of companies and feasibility of data collection.

Essay on Differences About Jesus in Islam and Christianity

Differences About Jesus in Islam and Christianity First off, by way of clarification, in the Christian faith, Jesus is considered to be much more than a Prophet. The Christian belief is that He was and is the Son of God. Moreover, Christ is considered to be superior to the Old Testament prophets (Hebrews 1:1-14). Jesus then commissioned His apostles to preach His words and doctrines (Matt 28:19,20). As such, the writings of the apostles, as found in the New Testament, are considered to be inspired. However, the offices of prophet and apostle as givers of special revelation are not considered to continue indefinitely. The Christian belief is that special revelation ended with the apostles.†¦show more content†¦Moreover, these doctrines are considered essential to the Christian faith (Rom 10:9,10; 1Cor 15:13-17). I am aware of the passage in the Quran that says that Jesus did not die on a cross (Sura 4:154-158) When I read the Quran the impression I get was that there is much agreement to be found between Islam and Christianity (such as in the teaching that there is only one God). However, there are some essential differences as well, namely the issues you raise in your questions. The Person, life, and work, of Jesus Christ is viewed considerably different in the Quran versus the New Testament. In addition to denying Jesus death on the cross (and by implication, the atonement and His resurrection), the Quran also specifically denies that Jesus is the Son of God (Sura 4:171; 9:30; 23:80). Meanwhile, the Bible specifically affirms that Jesus is the Son of God. In fact, near the end of his Gospel account, the apostle John wrote, And truly Jesus did many other signs in the presence of His disciples, which are not written in this book; but these are written that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that believing you may have life in His name (John 20:30,31). And this leads to the last main point of difference that I will mention. In Islam, if I understand it correctly, one is saved by faith in Allah and by onesShow MoreRelatedCompare and Contrast Christianity and Islam921 Words   |  4 PagesContrast Christianity and Islam In Wikipedia religion is definedâ€Å"A religion is an organized collection of beliefs, cultural systems, and worldviews that relate humanity to an order of existence.† There are approximately more than four thousand religion in the world. Christianity and Islam are part of the major significant religion. 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A Report On Effectiveness Of Ultrasound Education Essay Free Essays

Ultrasound technique has been used in the past 60 old ages in medical services. It has since developed significantly and its function is more advanced and recognised by patients and wellness professions. Diagnostic imagination is an of import portion of the wellness service, US is one of this household, which contributes greatly to the patient ‘s directions. We will write a custom essay sample on A Report On Effectiveness Of Ultrasound Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Title of this survey is:Effectiveness of Ultrasound ( US ) imaging in Genito-urinary system ( GUS ) for diagnostic intents: A comprehensive comparing with other modes in position of safety and handiness.Every mode has some sort of restrictions and advantages. Safety is a major issue in utilizing imaging techniques. Ultrasound is considered as one of the safest and most readily available imaging mode ( Bates, 1999 ) . However, these advantages do non warrant the undermining of the other modes, because restrictions in ultrasound can be overcome by other modes for patient directions. GUT is prone to many diseases in which some of them are life endangering ( Ref ) , patient directions require an efficient method for diagnosing. Sonography plays a great function in this respect. Some of the common GUT diseases: Infection, Glomerular disease, Diseases related to blood circulation:Atherosclerosis can do hypofunction. High blood pressure can take to mortification of the glomeruli. Metabolic disease:chronic nephritic failure, diabetes. Cysts:lone, multiple, inborn Tumors:affects kidney, ureter, vesica and urethra Renal cell carcinoma:Wilm ‘s tumor Bladder tumors Nephritic rocks and urinary piece of land obstructor Survey Purposes: Advantages and disadvantages of US imaging in GUT. Can US be the first mode of pick in GUT imagination? Study Aims: Study the usage of US imaging in GUT. Study the restriction of US imaging in GUT. Accuracy of US imaging for diagnostic intents. Cover the latest engineering in US imagination. Background Ultrasound is a sound wave that can non be heard by human ears, it uses a frequence above 20,000 Hz ( Ref ) . The moving ridges are converted by engineering to enable us to see constructions within our organic structures, which is really utile for medical intents ( Szabo, 2004 ) . Ultrasound attenuates otherwise in human organic structure depending on tissues ‘ fading coefficients, and tissues reflect wave otherwise, in which a assortment of strength and contrast images are produced. Main advantages of ultrasound compared to other modes that justify this survey are: No major known hazard Immediate diagnose or referral for farther scrutiny Readily available Short waiting clip Patient convenience Cost effectual Real clip image Non-invasive Good contrast of soft tissue Can separate between stable and traveling tissue ( Doppler consequence ) Ultrasound scrutiny in GUT has a broad scope of usage. Imaging starts from kidneys down to bladder, urethra, and venereal variety meats. Ultrasound can observe many pathologies and abnormalcies in this system without the demand for farther scrutinies. In fact, some pathology such as obstructors and tumors can be detected without intercessions, while other modes intervene such as utilizing contrast agents ( Ref ) . Other modes used in GUT X-ray utilizations ionizing radiation as the rule of bring forthing radiogram, widely used in initial GUT scrutinies for being convenience and fast with high rate of diagnostic value images ( ref ) . Computed Tomography ( CT ) Scan, uses ionizing radiation as the rule of bring forthing radiogram, widely used for farther scrutiny in GUT system. Produces high-resolution two-dimensional images ( can be reconstructed to 3-dimension ) . Very sensitive in observing different lesions, concretion, obstructor and bleeding. Main concern about utilizing CT is the high radiation dosage to the patient ( Ref ) . Magnetic Resonance Imaging ( MRI ) , uses a strong magnetic field to aline H atoms in the organic structure, pulsations of wireless moving ridges sent to realine and aline H atoms, during this, H atoms let go of energy, which is detected to bring forth great contrast images peculiarly of soft tissue. MRI scan can supply definite reply to uncertain instances because of its superior soft-tissue contrast when other mode can non. The function of MRI in GUT is largely in distinguishing benign lesions from malignant if CT has contraindication to the patient ( Ref ) . Nuclear Medicine Imaging ( NMI ) , Radiopharmaceuticals administered to the patients so that the patient become radioactive, Gamma camera scan the patient and detects gamma beam emitted from the radiation and so concept images from these informations. NMI chiefly used to analyze the map in GUT system and look into the obstructors ( Ref ) . This thesis reviews literature in relation to ultrasound scrutiny in GUT system. Comparing the usage of other mode while look intoing pathology of a patient. Why in some instances ultrasound is the first pick of usage, why it is non in other instances? This paper can heighten the advantages of the scrutiny and reexamine the progresss in this engineering, these can back up patient directions and besides be used in instruction. The inquiry needs to be answered in this survey: is US effectual plenty to be the first pick scrutiny in GUT system issues? What makes it to be the first pick? What makes it non to be? The survey efforts to analyze the conditions in which US scrutiny can supply doubtless replies to indicants. All beginnings that have relevant information will be used, and the chief database hunt will be Medline, CINAHL, Psycinfo, Embase, AMED, PubMed and e-books. How to cite A Report On Effectiveness Of Ultrasound Education Essay, Essay examples