The Foundation Of Power And Justice In International Law Essays

The Foundation Of Power And Justice In International Law Thucydides wrote The History of the Peloponnesian War believing that it was a good picture of the past and which (human nature being what it is) will, at some time or other and in much the same way, be repeated in the future. This paper will present a comparison between the time of Thucydides and how the International system has reflected certain aspects that are contained in the document. It will attempt to address the possibilities of oncoming systemic war, concepts of trust, and the earlier statement of Thucydides. Terms that are important to this argument are anarchy, security dilemma, and balance of powers. Anarchy is the system that world politics works under: with the presence of no prominent authority, any state can do what it chooses on the international stage. The notion of security dilemma rises out of the fear of other states building up their forces and becoming a larger threat to all of the other states. The tie between anarchy, security dilemma, and life in a sovereign state is the balance of powers; which aims at primarily to preserve peace and the status quo. Thucydides' balance of power involved two states: Athens and Sparta. After the Persian war, Athens had become a very powerful military state, and began to assimilate other states they had recently saved in the Persian War. Athens justified their actions by suggesting that, having won the war, their rights to become an empire were prevelent. They then built walls around their new territories and continued to increase their military power. This worried the Spartans because if Athens were to attack them it would be difficult to counter attack. Sparta, however, did not respond by building up their forces to maintain the balance. The Spartans acted slowly and tried to avoid the conflict. However, when the smaller states went to Sparta and pleaded for aid, the Spartans agreed, to defend against hostile Athenian actions. Sparta and its smaller allies soon engaged the Athenians and were eventually victorious over the Athenian threat of hegemony. The underling cause of Spartan engagement orig inated in the pleas of the fleeing allied city-states. They claimed that since Sparta was the only other major power that it was Sparta's duty to protect the smaller states. These states also created the fear in the Spartans that Athenians would develop enough power to create a hegemony, and that they all would lose their sovereignty. They stated that an Athenian attack was inevitable. The Spartans began to position troops to defend themselves, as it was better military strategy to stop Athenian forces before they gained any more power. This was considered an aggressive act by the Athenians and sparked the beginnings of the Athenian-Spartan conflict. In comparison, Europe of the 19th century involved five major powers England, France, Russia, Austria, and Prussia. These five powers through communication and shared interest created a system in which they managed to maintain stable international relations. The larger powers were responsible for maintaining the independence of the smaller states' sovereignty. This system, though there were many small wars over territory and maintaining the balance, managed to avoid any systemic wars for ninety years after the Napoleonic war. In this alliance, England had taken on the role of a balancer and joined any side necessary to maintain the balance. The European system ran on many concepts that allowed for its stability. Their system was designed to ensure that all independent states would survive, preserve the system, and that none would control the others. The nature of their trust allowed each state to maintain a balance of power where none had to worry about the rise of hegemony. War was inevitable on a small scale to maintain the balance and status quo; however, due to the nature of the structure, the groups interest superseded the need for any state to take over others. Thucydides was correct in his assumption that some of his understanding of human nature would last through into the future. The structure of the system in both examples are remarkably similar even after almost two thousands years they still have many of the same underling principles. In both systems,

Beowulf Essay

Beowulf Essay Beowulf Essay Picking up the Pieces What is a nation to do when everything they stand for is gone? This is the unfolding story in the poem Beowulf. Beowulf is a Geat warrior who sacrifices his own safety to battle the evil that presents itself against the Danes in the form of the fierce monster Grendel. King Hrothgar and the Danes exemplify pride, happiness, and power before Grendel steals everything from them when he attacks what is dearest to King Hrothgar's heart: Herot, the glorious palace built for celebration. Once Grendel makes his initial appearance, it takes a miracle to bring celebration back into the hearts of the Danes. Before Grendel begins his reign of terror, Herot is a place of pride. People everywhere can see its beauty and stature as it reaches â€Å"higher toward Heaven than anything that had ever been known to the sons of men" (Beowulf 25). With golden pillars and remarkable architecture, Herot symbolizes hope and joy. Shame replaces pride when the Danes cannot stand ag ainst Grendel. This horrifying monster overpowers the Danes on every front. Nothing they can do will stop Grendel and his vindictive nature. Beowulf's journey begins here when he does something no mortal man can do; he defeats Grendel. By the grace of God, Beowulf restores the Danes' pride and then some. A characteristic of a hero is humility and Beowulf does not possess this trait in the slightest. Though this seems negative, it benefits the Danes as Beowulf's conceit brings pride back to these countrymen. Grendel may have originally stole away their pride, but Beowulf brings it back. Herot used to be the epitome of happiness and joy. Anybody who came near to Herot instantly became blanketed by peace because supposedly nothing could ever harm it. That is until Grendel decides to intercede. Grendel hears the happiness and euphoria erupting from Herot while in his cave. Jealousy ensues and he can no longer stand hearing the joy when he is miserable and alone. Instead of c reating his own happiness, Grendel steals the Danes’. By Grendel killing people and stealing their bodies, Herot becomes a house of sorrow. When Grendel is finally defeated, the Danes rejoice for Beowulf has come through triumphant. In all this happiness, though, there is still someone who the joy cannot touch. Grendel’s mother is heartbroken over the death of her son and she is seeking vengeance. As Grendel did before, his mother takes the life of a noble soldier, snatching away the happiness just as it is returned. Beowulf dives back into a fierce battle that goes back and forth until the brave warrior is able to win the battle, but he does not do it for the Danes’ per se. During a time when Beowulf is struggling, the poet writes â€Å"but Beowulf longed only for fame, leaped back into battle† (Beowulf 71). Even though Beowulf yearns only for the notoriety of the victory, this minor indiscretion does not faze the Danes’ as they are the o nes benefitting. The joy is returned and they are finally jubilant again. Having power is something the Danes and many others respect. Not only do they respect it, they deem power a necessity. Without it, others will assume they can obliterate and overthrow the Danes with ease. The Danes grew accustomed to putting angst into the eyes of those around them, but Grendel changed that by putting dread into theirs. Power is transferred through the

1/8/99

1/8/99 Essay Lord of The FliesThree major themes in this story were: fear, the need for civilization, and instinct to be a follower. The most obvious of all the themes is mans need for civilization. The total opposite of the belief that man is innocent and society is evil is displayed in the story by showing that laws and rules, schools and policemen are all important to keep the dark side of human nature in line. When these concepts are ignored or slip away then we go back to the earliest part of their nature. An example of this is when the boys on the island get together at the beginning of the story and try to set some rules and assign a leader. This does not work out the way Ralph had expected, and it shows that uncivilization may occur when there are no regulations, and guidance from a leader. Fear of the unknown on the island are in the minds of the boys because of the terror of the beast. The fear is allowed to grow because they play with the idea of it. They cannot accept the belief of the beast, and they also cannot let go of it. The recognition that no real beast exists, that there is only the power of fear, is one of the deepest meanings of the story. I someone believes that another is superior, usually in strength and intelligence, they will be a follower of that person and fulfill their wishes. At first in the book, Ralph was elected chief. Everyone followed Ralphs commands because he was the superior. Ralph was Jacks superior, but Jack was still in charge of the members that left Ralph. Jack did not believe that Ralph was his superior in strength and intelligence. He left with choir, who followed him. The others soon believed Jack was superior to Ralph because he could hunt and supply them with food. They, of course, went and became part of Jacks tribe. Thsi all shows that people are easily fooled by a show of superior ability and will follow anyone that they believe to be powerful. Three symbols used in this novel are: the conch,the boys, and the hunting rituals. The conch stands for order and stability. It was a way of getting everyone together for meetings, and showing respect to whomever was speaking while holding the conch. The boys themselves represent the different ways of life, they had the intellectual Piggy, the adventurer, the bully, and the torturer. These all give the impression of diversity that is found in an actual society. the several hunting rituals symbolize the increasing powers of evil in them. All of the chanting and dancing they did when hunting was taken to another level of satisfaction, and excitement of that in murderers. Simon symbolizes the prophet-like figure. He is intelligent, and sensible, and he keeps up the hope that the boys will get rescued even when Ralph is doubting it. Some of the other boys on the island find him strange and think that theres something wrong with him. Simon meets the Lord of the Flies, which is represented by the pig skull on the stick. He is the only boy who realizes that there is no real beast on the island, and the only beast is the boys themselves. Simon is killed by the other boys who were caught up in a savage dance, which was an event that represented their barbaric way of living.

Argue that, no, feminism is not dead Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Argue that, no, feminism is not dead - Essay Example Things such as child bearing and nurture are believed to be a hindrance to a woman’s productivity by the radical-liberalists. They therefore strongly advocate use of artificial means of reproduction, are usually pro-abortion and largely promote use of contraceptives. The other form of feminism is radical-cultural feminism; this group believes that women should embrace their femininity because it is their source of power. They encourage women to explore themselves deeper and find their wild self. According to their view, sex was predominantly a man’s field, but women should start taking control and norms such as pornography, subordination, rape should be eliminated. Unlike the radical-libertarian feminists who view reproduction as a means of tying women down, the radical-cultural feminists promote a different view. The view that, men are jealous of the reproductive responsibilities of a woman and therefore try to hinder it using technological means. One can be classified as a feminist if they believe that; women should have equal rights to men. Women should be allowed to hold an office that a man can hold; also women should be recognized by their talents and not their looks. In addition, they believe that, it is offensive for women to be given tasks based on their gender and that a feminist is not afraid to refer to herself as one (Shaw and Lee 12). I believe that feminism is not dead; to the contrary, it has actually become stronger as women seem more empowered in this generation. Feminism is not dead; if it was dead then there wouldn’t be so much effort to make it seem as if it is dead. The media and other conservative groups argue that feminism is long gone and women do not need it anymore because it does not speak for the majority of women. Whereas its polls show that, women advocate for ideas such as child and women health care, political offices for women, equal work pay, and an end to women violence and so on (Shaw and Lee 19). These are definitely feminists’ stands and goals and therefore the feminist culture is still strong (Valenti 11). In the recent wake of issues such as promiscuity, the rise in women crime and also man hating have all been blamed on feminism. It is now being said that women have been taught to depend on no one and especially not a man. This has therefore contributed to the issues such as crime, breakdown of families and high rates of divorce. If feminism was dead, then it means that these issues would be nonexistent. However, the fact that they are being blamed on feminism, it therefore goes to show that it is still ongoing (Valenti 12). Feminists encourage women to accept themselves as they are which contribute in enhancing their self esteem and image. This new found confidence is a threat to companies that benefit greatly from women who are always looking for ways to enhance their physical appearance. If feminism was dead, it would not be a threat to these organizations which prov es further that feminism is thriving. In conclusion, some might argue that feminism is dead because it is unpopular nowadays as compared to the earlier days when it started. It was a thing of white old ladies as commonly referred to and most young women are not championing with much gusto as before (Valenti 10). Journal It is now clear to me how feminism has changed the world, relationships and women’s view, all at ago. When I first heard the word feminist, I thought they were a bunch of women who no longer want to embrace

Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Measles, Mumps, and Rubella - Essay Example (c). Epidemiology of rubella: â€Å"In 2000, the National Disease Surveillance Centre (NDSC) in Ireland reported 1,221 cases of rubella by August of that year.† The occurrence of the disease was as a result of people fearing to be vaccinated against measles (Shmaefsky, p.61). (d). Pathogenesis and pathology of Rubella involved measles virus entering the body system, then to the epithelial cells, and finally to the blood where it multiplies (MPS). In blood the virus advances to general toxic level. The general toxic level of the disease is associated with the presentation of rashes and pigmentation (Shmaefsky, p.83). (e). Clinical manifestations of Rubella appeared after an incubation period 6-18 days. The clinical signs included fever, catarrhal inflammation, and appearance prodromal rashes on the skin surface (Shmaefsky, p.85). (c). The epidemiology of Ruboela: In the first ten years after its discovery, the disease caused approximately 6,000 deaths each year. Approximately 3 to 4 million people in the U.S got measles each year. Each year was also associated with about 500 deaths, 48,000 hospitalization cases, and 4,000 developed encephalitis as a result of measles. (Black, p.90). (d). The pathogenesis and pathology of Ruboela involves measles virus entering the body, then virus moves to the epithelial cells, then to blood where it multiplies (MPS), blood and later generates to general toxic level. When it is at the general level, Ruboela presents rashes (Black, p.90). (e). Clinical manifestation of Ruboela start to appear after approximately ten days after being exposed to the measles virus, a person infected with measles depicts rash, high fever, and runny nose (Black, p.91). (c). Epidemiology of mumps: the largest number of cases of mumps was reported in 1941 when the incidence of the disease was approximately 250 cases in a population of 100,000 people

Slumdog Millionaire Essay Example for Free

Slumdog Millionaire Essay The issue we have decided to discuss is centred around the two children Rubina Ali and Azharuddin Ismail who star in a leading role in the film Slumdog Millionaire. The film grossed $141,000,000 in the US alone and had a budget of $15 million but the two children only received  £500 ($700 American Dollars) and  £1,700 ($2408.50 American Dollars). Despite the claims of director Danny Boyle, that the film has â€Å"completely changed their impoverished lives† (Tyler, 2009) the children continue to live in the slums in India from where they were originally found. The children’s parents were very disappointed given the films worldwide success and had hoped that this film and their children’s leading roles would have given them opportunity of a better life outside the slums. Having found themselves leading the same lives as before Slumdog Millionaire, they realised just how under-paid their children were actually paid. Ismail predicament is considerably worse off as his illegal home was recently demolished by local authorities. It is even more difficult for the children to return to the slums given the lifestyle and the luxuries they received during the filming, promotion and subsequent award ceremonies. However both film makers and film distributors have disputed the families’ claims and have highlighted that the wages paid to both the children were three times the average local annual adult salary. Furthermore provisions have been made for the children’s education and once completed a trust fund will be paid to the then 18 year olds, Ali and Ismail. Ethical issues surrounding the topic * Underpaying the child actors in the Slumdog Millionaire movie * Allowing the children to return to the slums * Returning the children to their poverty stricken roots having experiences the lifestyle of a movie star * Not providing the children with a place to live after their home had been destroyed * Is the trust fund achievable given the children’s circumstances and harsh living conditions?

WHAT DROPPING THE BOMB MEANT FOR THE FUTURE :: Essays Paper

WHAT DROPPING THE BOMB MEANT FOR THE FUTURE This page is focused what dropping the atomic bomb on Japan meant for the future of nuclear war. The page will discuss the events such as the Cuban missile crisis and most recent developments as the Gulf War with the ultimate question being asked, what if we did not drop the bomb? The decision to use the atomic bomb was controversial. Some have claimed the bombing was unnecessary to defeat Japan. Some claim that the United States utilized the atomic bomb to scare the Russian and make them respect American military power. But regardless of the reason, purpose, or motivation, the bomb ended the war quickly and preserved the lives of many Americans (696 Kagan). While it preserved American life, the use of nuclear weapons had consequences we are experiencing today and will experience for years to come. The Atomic Age had begun as soon as the bomb left the cargo bay of the Enola Gay. There was no turning back. The decision that the United States toiled over seemed almost automatic because of all the time and money the United States had committed to its development. But what the bomb meant for the future of the world was unthinkable. No one could have imagined the fear that the phrase "nuclear weapons" strikes in the heart of so many people. Many, many nations have developed nuclear weapons since the Hiroshima bombing and these nations have the capabilities to do to the United States what the United States did to Japan. In 1945, the world was on the brink of nuclear holocaust. Although the world has settled in to more peaceful times since then, the world still fears another conflict which could extinguish the entire human race (58 Sagan). The first post-war effects of the United States' use of the atomic bomb was the Cold War and more specifically the Cuban missile crisis. The U.S., the sole-possessor of atomic weapons at the time, was upset at the Soviets policy of expanding westward. The height of the Cold War and the event the had the United States on the tip of nuclear destruction was the Cuban missile crisis of 1962. Russian premier Nikita Khrushchev made the decision to install nuclear weapons in Cuba, a Soviet ally after a 1957 revolution.

Adolescents Happiness and Academic Success Essay

Adolescents’ happiness and academic success; How it is affected by Divorce Abstract The challenges faced when a family is going through divorce can have a large impact on a teenagers overall ability to succeed in every day activities such as school or extracurricular activities. This may be caused by feelings of overwhelming stress and pressure to take full responsibility of other siblings or distraught parents, therefore taking time away from school work. On page 362 in the sixth edition of Psychology themes and Variations, it shows the results of Holmes’ and Rahe’s theory of life-changing events and their connection with stress levels. On a scale of one to one-hundred, divorce rated a seventy-three. We decided to study how students at Mountain Crest are academically affected by divorced parents. We found that a slightly higher number of students with married parents participated in healthy extracurricular activities and obtained better grades than students with divorced or separated parents. But the results were not as drastic as we expected. Introduction â€Å"Life changes are any noticeable alterations in one’s living circumstances that require readjustment. † (Pg 362, sixth edition of Psychology themes and variations). There are many different events that cause change in one’s life, a common alteration being divorce. We wanted to study how the performance of high school students is affected by family situations, such as divorced or married parents. We predicted that students who come from broken families (divorced and/or remarried parents, step-siblings, ect. ) have a lower level of peace and a higher level of contention in their home. We hypothesized that this would affect their scholastic accomplishments and they will have lower grade point averages and less involvement in healthy extracurricular activities such as school sports and clubs. Method We conducted our survey at Mountain Crest High School in Hyrum, Utah in April of 2008. First, we asked people if they would take a survey for us. In larger groups such as full classes, we asked for the teacher’s permission to conduct a survey in their class. We took our surveys in general/required classes such as computer technology and history creating a widespread mix of students. Before passing out the survey’s we instructed the sample to hold the survey in the air when they were completed, and ensured them that no one would know what they had marked. This was to attempt to eliminate distortions in self-report caused by peer pressure. When the sample group agreed to take our survey we passed them to the volunteers. When each person was finished with their survey we went around personally and collected their survey. We surveyed a total of sixty students, ranging in ages 15-18. We selected random classes with a variety of students of different races and gender. After collecting the surveys, we divided them according to their parents’ marital status. We then tallied the results of the students’ grades and involvement in extracurricular activities in each pile. Results ResultsExtracurricular activitiesGrade Point Average YesNo3. 0 or higher2. 9 or lower Married 28173213 Divorced/separated7887 †¢We found that 62. 2% of adolescents with married parents were involved in healthy extracurricular activities, while 53. 3% of students with divorced or separated parents were not. †¢71. 1% of students with married parents maintain a grade point average of 3. 0 or above. 46. 6% of students with divorced or separated parents obtained a lesser GPA of 2. 9 or lower. Discussion Our data didn’t turn out to be as drastically contrasting as we expected, in fact some of our statistics argued against our hypothesis. This has a lot to do with the place that the experiment was performed. Because we are in Utah, we experienced a large sample bias considering Utah (especially Cache Valley) is a highly religious community. If we conducted the same experiment at a different high school or somewhere outside of Utah, our results would be dissimilar. This being because Mountain Crest is a predominantly high achieving school in the area of academics, and also because most students at MC come from LDS families with strong belief in family unity. This resulted in a low number of students from broken families to survey, and a high number of students from functional families to survey. If we were to do this experiment again, we would survey an even number of students with divorced parents and students with married parents, so our results would be more accurate. We might also consider surveying students from other schools to get a broader variety of students. We believe that the reason kids from broken families aren’t as successful in academic activities is because they don’t have the same amount of support from home that other students with happily married parents have. We assume that the students may have more stress from heightened contention at home. Students coming from functional families are more capable of maintaining a higher GPA because of higher support levels from family members. They also have less stress because they don’t have the worry of dealing with issue of balancing separated parents and siblings.

Analyze of “Crimson Tide” Essay

ANALYZE OF CRIMSON TIDE In this assignment I will analyze the â€Å"Crimson Tide† based on OB topics which are organization, skills, personality, perception, values, and attitudes. First of all I would like to say something briefly about the movie. On a US nuclear missile sub, a young first officer stages a mutiny to prevent his trigger happy captain from launching his missiles before confirming his orders to do so. An organization is basically consciously coordinated social unit. There are three essentials to be an organization, -group of people -continuous or else project -common goal When we look at the Crimson Tide we can see the all three features in that submarine. First of all they are group of soldier in a nuclear submarine. Secondly, this group of people are not together but they came together to a project that U.S. Navy nuclear submarine, USS Alabama, to be available to launch its missiles in a preemptive strike if Radchenko attempts to fuel his missiles. It is enough to be an organization for a group. Thirdly, even though they use different ways, they have a common goal which is protecting their country. Most distinct skill of Captain Ramsey his experience and loyalty to the Navy. He never questions to orders. He thinks he is there to apply to the orders, sometimes impatiently, and make sure his crew’s loyalty to apply order. He does not believe to democracy in the submarine. For example he says â€Å"we are here to preserve democracy, not to practice it. Ron Hunter is a young, inexperience, and good educated man. He finished Harvard University. He is highly educated in military history and technical tactics. Hunter is more analytic and conservative towards his mission. Hunter is against the missile launch and tries to win over support from Ramsey to confirm the second message before proceeding with the launch, because he has hope that it was possibly an abjuration of the previous command. This behavior shows his humanist and rational side. Hunter plays a number of roles. He makes sure that Captain Ramsey makes the correct choices. For example, he is waiting the rest of the message to launch of the  nuclear missiles. Also he motivates his crew. Ramsey is a strict and arrogant leader who never motivates his crew, but with the influence from Hunter, Ramsey gives a motivational speech after the crew to restore all operations after the Russian attack. I will focus on Ramsey’s and Hunter’s personality, perception, values and attitudes in this part of my assignment; The Big Five Personality Model: high extraversion: overconfident, pushy low agreeableness: cold, dissident high conscientiousness: organized, stubborn high emotional stability: self-confident, calm high openness to experience: curious Attributes: Machiavellianism: practical, manipulate Self-esteem: likes himself Risk-taking: risk-taking by shooting the missiles More Type A: multitasks Less Type B: can relax without guilty (after downgrading sitting in his cabin and being calm) External locus of control: controlled by outside forces (government) Perception: Perceiver: Captain Frank Ramsey Target: Russians, Hunter Situation: Submarine†¦wants to attack Russia Errors: Halo effect: general impression by a single characteristic. Stereotyping: Harvard students are nerds and hunter is one of them without experience Values: He belongs elders generation. This generation’s characteristics are discipline, authority, traditional Hofstede’s Framework: High power distance: Captain as a authority High Individualism : Focus on his opinion High Masculinity: Doesn’t care so much about people (e.g. fire-alarm) High Uncertainty avoidance: He doesn’t like uncertainty. Wants to act quickly. For example he wants to shoot missiles Low long-term orientation: Doesn’t care about nuclear war†¦.he wants to act now High Indulgence: Submarine/Job is his second home comfortable cabin and his dog Attitudes: Job satisfaction: work place is like his home†¦.(e.g. dog) Neglect: when hunter took his authority he went to his cabin and was listening to the music like nothing happened before Affective: emotional relationship to the navy. Traditional beliefs Engagement: His speech to the soldiers at the beginning of the film. Hunter’s; Personality: The Big Five Personality Model: high extraversion: assertive, gregarious, sociable high agreeableness: cooperative, trusting, empathetic high conscientiousness: organized, persistent high emotional stability: self-confident, calm high openness to experience: flexible, curious Attributes: Machiavellianism: practical, manipulate Self-esteem: ambitious goals related to his career Self-monitoring: attention to external environment by building a relationship to the marines Risk-taking: risk-taking by downgrading Ramsey Proactive: identifies opportunities and tries to prevent nuclear war More internal locus of control: controls his destiny, independent, makes his own decisions Perception: Perceiver: Lieutenant Commander Ron Hunter Target : Ramsey Situation: Submarine†¦.wants to stop Ramsey and also nuclear war Values: He belongs Baby Boomers Generation and Its features are social recognition, responsibility Hofstede’s Framework: Middle power distance: He sees captain as an authority but he is not afraid of sending Ramsey in to jail. He also makes jokes with crew members Middle Individualism : Focus on his opinion but also take care about others opinion Low Masculinity: Takes care of people and feeling (e.g. over weight of a crew member ) Low Uncertainty avoidance: Takes the risk of not knowing what happens next. Doesn’t want to shoot missiles High long-term orientation: Afraid of nuclear war, stops Ramsey Middle Indulgence: Separates work and family. Has his family who is waiting for him but also he left the birthday of his daughter because of his job Attitudes: Job satisfaction : He is proud of to be a lieutenant Continuance: Wants to make career upgrade to a captain Engagement: Build a good relationship with the crews

When an Individual Approach Must Be Undertaken

When an Individual Approach Must Be Undertaken Teaching is one of those spheres where it is comparatively hard to come up with innovative approaches – with the existing variety of learning theories and strategies, inventing a brand new concept is quite complicated. However, with the rapid pace of technical progress and the appearance of computers and Internet, the existing teaching theories have evolved into another approach known as online teaching.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on When an Individual Approach Must Be Undertaken specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Offering new opportunities for the students to learn certain subjects distantly and to train their skills with the help of specific programs, online teaching, indeed, provides a number of issues for teachers to consider and has a lot of advantages compared to the old-fashioned manner of teaching. However, it must be taken into account that online teaching also presupposes facing a lot of new challenges, one of which concerns the relationships between the teacher and the students as well as the relationships among the students. Because of the lack of live communication between the students and the teacher and among the students, online learning can fall flat as a means to teach the students the basic group interaction skills and to help the students solve the conflicts which can arise in the course of communication. Hence, while offering more opportunities for the students, the online teaching approach misses out the aspect of live communication, which makes it look rather as an addition to the real-life classes than an independent teaching approach. In the course of online teaching, I have had the experience concerning the communication aspect, and to say that this experience left much to be desired would be to color the truth. Actually, the students in the group which I was to provide with tasks and whose progress I was to control displayed consistently increasing imp rovements in such aspects of language learning as reading and writing, yet started experiencing great problems when it came to listening and speaking.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When rethinking the given experience and analyzing the factors which could have possibly led to such deplorable results, I had to consider the learning theory. As it turned out, the idea of teaching students solely with the help of online teaching, which made the bulk of the chosen method, did not work as well as one might have expected it to. Before going straight to emphasizing the downsides of the online learning concept, one must give credit to some of the luckiest improvements which the given theory has introduced into the field of English language learning. To start with, the given approach allows not only foreign students, but also adults to partake in the learning program. Helpi ng people from all walks of life obtain the skills and information which they will need in their further career, online learning has literally embraced the entire world. The online learning theory will help adults to learn what they consider necessary for their jobs without actually quitting their current positions. However, the above-mentioned issue also presupposes facing certain challenges in developing the current theory. In contrast to the theory of adult learning, which has been developed long before and is nowadays firmly established among the rest of the theories as a truly solid set of concepts, online learning still requires further development. Another minor drawback of the theory of online learning is the lack of live communication between the learner and the teacher, which has been mentioned above. The issue of communication can possibly become a major stepping stone for the students who will resort to the online learning theory to acquire new knowledge. According to th e ideas offered by Tough, interaction between the students and the teacher is extremely important for the learning process, since among the four planners described by Tough, none features learning process without communicating with the teacher (Tough). Indeed, while evaluating the conclusions made in the course of the lesson and learning the â€Å"enduring value beyond the classroom† (Understanding by design by Wiggins and McTighe: A summary, n. d.) is important, the process of communication with the teacher and the peers is also of great significance.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on When an Individual Approach Must Be Undertaken specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When deprived of the given element of learning, students are likely to start feeling uncertain; hence, the possibility of a failure is highly likely. Nevertheless, the above-mentioned does not mean that the theory of online teaching has no in trinsic value in it. There are a number of positive aspects about the theory, and they are worth bringing up. To start with, as it has been mentioned above, the online teaching approach does allow foreign students and the students who have to work to study distanced and yet manage to get all the necessary information without having to attend every lecture. Another important issue that makes online learning theory worth consideration is the fact that online learning provides ample opportunities for both self-study and learning in virtual classrooms (Clark Mayer, 2008). Providing the students with enough freedom, online teaching offers considerable flexibility and presupposes that the student should be rather independent in the course of learning. Therefore, the question is how important the communication process between the teacher and the students, as well as among the students, is. As Brna (2002) puts, it, live communication with the teacher helps digest new information faster. Mo reover, Brna also notes that â€Å"the learning environment should foster students’ self-regulation guidance† (Brna, 2002, 128), which is exactly what online learning offers.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hence, it can be considered that the postulates of the online learning theory have certain rationale which justifies their existence, yet the above-mentioned theories are way too raw to be established as the guiding principle of the modern learning process. While online learning theory does offer a lot of new opportunities for learners, allowing international students to study without actually moving to a different country and, which is even more important, be considered a specialist in the chosen field as well as any of the students who attended a college or university. Moreover, computer programs presuppose having new possibilities, such as the training of specific skills, e.g., listening skills. However, it must be admitted that, with all the innovations which online learning offers, there is still a huge drawback that the students have to put up with; to be more exact, online learning has literally nothing to do with working in a team, which usual classes often focus on. Hence, it must be assumed that, while helping students to have a better idea of the course material and to digest the newly obtained knowledge, practicing the new skills, online teaching should be considered as an additional method of teaching which must be comprised with the live teaching methods. Reference List Brna, P. (2002). The role of communication in learning to model. New York City, NY:  Routledge. Clark, R. C., Mayer, R. (2008).Elearning and the science of instruction, 2nd ed.  New York, NY: John Wiley Sons. Tough, A. (1971). The adult’s learning project. A Fresh approach to theory and  practice in adult learning. Retrieved from http://ieti.org/tough/books/alp.htm Understanding by design by Wiggins and McTighe: A summary (n. d.). Web.

Foundational to the Christian faith is the belief that mankind is Essay

Foundational to the Christian faith is the belief that mankind is created in the image of God - Essay Example As such, the following analysis will seek to engage the reader with the important and fundamental onus that this understanding places upon the believer; as well as a discussion and analysis of several of the texts within the Bible that confirm the importance of this â€Å"image† connection. Although a literal interpretation of the texts pertaining to mankind (humankind) being created within he image of God lends one to believe that we look and are formed literally similar to our Creator, such an approach only captures part of the meaning that can necessarily be implied. Moreover, the first reference of making mankind in the â€Å"image† of God is found in Genesis 1:26 where God staes on the final day of creation, â€Å"Let us make man in our image, in our likeness†. This dual reference to image and likeness are important; although they may seem rather complimentary at first glance. The reason behind this is that the dual reference both implies a physical and the potential for a spiritual likeness. Whereas Biblical scholars have long debated whether or not a type of original sin or tabula rasa exists within the spiritual soul of mankind, seeking to define this is only part of understanding what the texts relating to image ultimately portend. As such, it is the understanding of this author that the pervasive discussion of image and thelinkages between human and devine that are effected both in the Old and the New Testament show a unique layer of importance being bestowed upon the level of understanding that the believer is able to integrate with this reality of similarity. Though it might be tempting, being created within the mere image of God is not enough in and of itself to allow the believer to assume an air of neither infallibility nor perfection. However, in helping to denote this comparison to an even more profound degree, the New Testament book of Hebrews chapter 4:15 states: â€Å"For we do not have a high priest who is unable to em pathize with our weaknesses, but we have one who has been tempted in every way, just as we are – yet he did not sin†. This of course helps to make the New Testament teachings concerning the path of righteousness that Christ laid out for his followers as even more pertinent and even more salient. Although true that mankind is created in the physical likeness of the Creator, he is also endowed with a unique spiritual ability to develop the relationship with the Father; just as His Son did during his ministry on Earth. The necessity for all of this is manifestly evident with regards to the field of special education. Due to the fact that there exists a clear and determinant relationship between the teacher and the student, similar to the relationship that existed between Christ and his disciples during His ministry on earth, it is necessary for these stakeholders to integrate closely with the idea and understanding for how the image of God can most effectively be transmitt ed to stakeholders within the educational setting. By seeking to engage these individuals with regards to fairness, patience, honesty, and longsuffering, the image of God can be effectively transmitted to these youth; regardless of their developmental level; thereby helping to promote an appreciation and understanding of how the image

Sex In Our Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sex In Our Society - Essay Example 113). I agree with Joyce Garity that some of the adverts in teen fashion magazines are to blame for deteriorating morals in the society. The adverts are too suggestive that they end up brain washing the innocent children. An advertisement of Liz Claiborne fragrances showing a couple sprawled on their bed is a perfect example. After seeing this, the teenagers start fantasizing and would be tempted to think that their life is not complete if they are not practising the same. They end up trying this, and before they know it, the worst has happened and the consequences are with them. In addition, it is absurd to feature a naked girl in a teen magazine in the name of advertising cologne. Though the company sales will go up, it is not worth the harm it is causing the society. Above buying the cologne, the teenagers may be tempted to pose naked like the girl in the advert. In their minds, they are out to be famous among their peers. However, they may end up engaging in sexual activities that would ruin their young lives (Soble, 2008, P. 96). As Joyce Garity states, any teenager would be excited to see a young couple display affection publicly. In an advert, a young girl is laying on a luxurious bed in a dimly light room with her lover making her nails. If a suggestive picture like this has to appear in a magazine, it should not be a teenage magazine. Teenagers’ minds are easily washed away by anything they lay their eyes on. Within no time, they will go out experimenting on things that may ruin their lives. Teenagers’ world is full of sexual spontaneity and playfulness. They will take less or no time thinking about a responsible life. Instead, they admire musicians, actors, rock stars and other celebrities whose lives are full of sexual drama. These are their role models, and their talk is about which musician has slept with many women. The young adults rush to the